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float float(x) -> floating point number |
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int int(x[, base]) -> integer |
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str str(object) -> string |
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| number |
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| character |
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| integer |
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| string |
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| integer |
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| value |
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| value |
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| integer |
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| floating point number |
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level = 0
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None = None
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math This module is always available. |
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random Random variable generators. |
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string A collection of string operations (most are no longer used). |
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Return the tuple ((x-x%y)/y, x%y). Invariant: div*y + mod == x.
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Return a hash value for the object. Two objects with the same value have the same hash value. The reverse is not necessarily true, but likely.
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max(a, b, c, ...[, key=func]) -> value With a single iterable argument, return its largest item. With two or more arguments, return the largest argument.
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min(a, b, c, ...[, key=func]) -> value With a single iterable argument, return its smallest item. With two or more arguments, return the smallest argument.
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Round a number to a given precision in decimal digits (default 0 digits). This always returns a floating point number. Precision may be negative.
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mathThis module is always available. It provides access to the mathematical functions defined by the C standard.
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random
Random variable generators.
integers
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uniform within range
sequences
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pick random element
pick random sample
generate random permutation
distributions on the real line:
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uniform
normal (Gaussian)
lognormal
negative exponential
gamma
beta
pareto
Weibull
distributions on the circle (angles 0 to 2pi)
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circular uniform
von Mises
General notes on the underlying Mersenne Twister core generator:
* The period is 2**19937-1.
* It is one of the most extensively tested generators in existence.
* Without a direct way to compute N steps forward, the semantics of
jumpahead(n) are weakened to simply jump to another distant state and rely
on the large period to avoid overlapping sequences.
* The random() method is implemented in C, executes in a single Python step,
and is, therefore, threadsafe.
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stringA collection of string operations (most are no longer used). Warning: most of the code you see here isn't normally used nowadays. Beginning with Python 1.6, many of these functions are implemented as methods on the standard string object. They used to be implemented by a built-in module called strop, but strop is now obsolete itself. Public module variables: whitespace -- a string containing all characters considered whitespace lowercase -- a string containing all characters considered lowercase letters uppercase -- a string containing all characters considered uppercase letters letters -- a string containing all characters considered letters digits -- a string containing all characters considered decimal digits hexdigits -- a string containing all characters considered hexadecimal digits octdigits -- a string containing all characters considered octal digits punctuation -- a string containing all characters considered punctuation printable -- a string containing all characters considered printable
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